Human Development Index
In the
era of 21st century where we
talk about sustainable development, the very first
requirement is to
understand that “What
development actually means?”.So at
this point of
discussion we should be cleared about
the concepts related
to growth and development, so as
to understand about
HDI .The growth and development
depends upon certain indices. These indices decide the pattern of
growth and development of an economy.
- Increase in output of goods and services
- Increase in per capita output
- Institutional and technological changes
- Stability in Economy
So as the basics of these indicates the
growth of an economy is based upon.
One
of such indices to calculate growth and development is a “Human Development
Index”. It is in use since 1990 which was prepared by United Nations under UN
Development programme. The Human Development Index is a composite of three
different indicators viz.
i)
Life
expectancy at birth
ii)
Educational attainment
iii)
Per capita income
Life
expectancy is a desired objective in the fields of health, infant and child
mortality and nutrition. The desired progress made in these fields by human
being, decides the life expectancy or what we call it as longetivity. The
educational attainment is mainly encompassed of adult literacy rate and thereby
a combined primary, secondary and tertiary enrollment ratio in the primary and
higher secondary school/levels.
The
third and most important indicator is per capita income. This indicator is a
measure based on overall satisfaction of every individual. This indicator also
reflects the level of employment and generation opportunities among the people.
The HDI runs through maximum to minimum which denotes the level of growth and
development. The index denotes that as the income goes beyond certain cutoff
point it becomes increasingly less important, assuming that the rise in income
beyond certain point is subject to the diminishing returns.
(Note:
- The first two indicators are social in nature, whereas, the third indicator
is economic one.)
Importance
of this Index:-
i)
The index is more importance for less
developed countries. The index projects the relationship of social factors
which economic factors.
ii)
HDI gives an emphasis on quality of
life. So it attracts the attention of government or public towards utilising
more and more resource towards health and education.
iii)
The HDI projects the gap to be covered
by less developed countries as compared to Developed Countries.
iv)
As the index has a quality of dynamic
index. The index projects the dynamism in a said population at a specific
period of time.
Human Development Index (HDI) - 2012 Rankings
(2013 Human Development Report)
References:-
- · World Human development Report 2013
- · Indian Economy- Problems of Development and Planning- A.N Agrawal sir, Page number- 13,14,15,16 and 17
